Melnick, E.R., Dyrbye, L.N., Sinsky, C.A., et al. "The Association Between Perceived Electronic Health Record Usability and Professional Burnout Among US Physicians." Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2020; 95(3):476–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.024

U.S. Surgeon General. Addressing Health Worker Burnout: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory on Building a Thriving Health Workforce. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595228/

ECRI Institute. Top 10 Health Technology Hazards (annual report, 2007–present). https://www.ecri.org/landing-2020-top-ten-health-technology-hazards — Corroborated by: Joint Commission Sentinel Event Alert #54 (2015); AHRQ Making Healthcare Safer III; FDA MAUDE database (566 alarm-related deaths, 2005–2008).

Becker's Healthcare / Johns Hopkins Medicine. "Systems ramp up efforts to reduce documentation time." Becker's Hospital Review, 2024. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/nursing/systems-ramp-up-efforts-to-reduce-documentation-time/

Melnick, E.R., Dyrbye, L.N., Sinsky, C.A., et al. "The Association Between Perceived Electronic Health Record Usability and Professional Burnout Among US Physicians." Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2020; 95(3):476–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.024

Multiple sources including JAMIA. Associations of physician burnout with organizational EHR support. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2021; 28(5):960–970. https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article/28/5/960/6242740 — Note: cite the $140B figure with "estimates suggest" as the range varies across studies.